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Every autumn, the olive harvest in the Arab world transforms from a mere agricultural activity into a significant economic and social event. From the mountains of Lebanon to the plains of Tunisia, Morocco, and Palestine, the olive tree serves as an essential economic artery, stimulating olive mills, transport sectors, packaging industries, and trade. Expert Aseel Al-Aranki highlights that for thousands of families, olives transcend profit and loss calculations, forming a core part of their livelihood and cultural identity.
Currently, this strategic sector faces unprecedented challenges ranging from climate change to pests and geopolitical conflicts. In Lebanon, FAO data reveals that 814 hectares of olive groves have been damaged, with sector losses exceeding $236 million since 2023. In South Lebanon, the primary concern remains whether farmers can safely access their lands. Additionally, agricultural threats like the olive fruit fly pose a risk to oil quality by increasing acidity levels, necessitating early intervention and prevention strategies.
In Palestine and Syria, the olive industry is a cornerstone of food security and local economies. For Syrians, olive oil is a staple of the traditional pantry and a vital income source. In Palestine, the harvest is a symbol of resilience, with its oil competing at the highest levels in international markets. Conversely, in the Gaza Strip, ongoing conflict has devastated vast agricultural areas and spiked production costs due to fuel and electricity shortages, turning the harvest into a struggle for survival.
Despite these hurdles, Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) remains the star of the Mediterranean diet. Nutritionist Nagham Tannous emphasizes its high content of monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and polyphenols, which are linked to improved cardiovascular and brain health. Historically, 'Green Gold' has served functions far beyond the kitchen, including lighting, soap manufacturing, and medicinal uses, cementing its status as a timeless treasure of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Source: Annahar